Module: General Practice
Q149: Statement I: The "Third Italy" model (Industrial Districts in Italy) is globally cited as a successful example where small firms achieved global dominance through flexible specialization and social cohesion.
Statement II: The "Triple Helix Model" of cluster development refers to the collaboration between three key actors: Government, Industry (Firms), and Academia (Universities).
✅ Correct Answer: A
Global Benchmarks:
Statement I (The Italian Model): Regions like Emilia-Romagna in Italy (famous for tiles, leather, machinery) proved that small firms working in clusters could beat large mass-production corporations.
They used "Flexible Specialization."
Statement II (Triple Helix): This is the gold standard for innovation clusters (like Silicon Valley or Bengaluru). It requires the interaction of:
Industry: To produce.
Government: To regulate and fund.
Academia: To provide R&D and talent.
Statement I (The Italian Model): Regions like Emilia-Romagna in Italy (famous for tiles, leather, machinery) proved that small firms working in clusters could beat large mass-production corporations.
They used "Flexible Specialization."
Statement II (Triple Helix): This is the gold standard for innovation clusters (like Silicon Valley or Bengaluru). It requires the interaction of:
Industry: To produce.
Government: To regulate and fund.
Academia: To provide R&D and talent.